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Literary References

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Literary references are made throughout the Outlander Series, from well-known works to obscure poetry and prayer, as well as song lyrics when the focus is on the words, rather than the music.

Outlander Novels

Outlander

Chapter Source Reference
6 Robert Burns (attributed) "Selkirk Grace"[1]
Hamish says grace: "Some hae meat that canna eat, / And some could eat that want it; / We hae meat, and we can eat, / And so may God be thankit."
16 Alexander Carmichael (editor) (poem fragment)[2]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. II (1900)
Jamie recites a poem from the Isles to Claire: "Thou daughter of the kingdom of the regions of the light, / On the night that thy wedding is on us..."
19 Catullus / trans. Richard Crashaw Catullus 5[3]
Hugh Munro wraps a piece of amber in paper, on which he has written lines from this poem by Catullus: "Da mi basia mille..."

Dragonfly in Amber

Chapter Source Reference
24 Alfred, Lord Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere (1842)
Claire quotes the poem to Jamie: "Kind hearts are more than coronets."
28 Bible Catholic liturgy / Genesis 3:19[4]
Claire describes Faith to Jamie, and thinks of the lines: "Remember, man, that thou are dust, and unto dust thou shalt return." This is recited on Ash Wednesday as part of the Catholic liturgy, and originates from Genesis 3:19.
31 Robert Louis Stevenson "Requiem" from Underwoods (1887)[5]
Claire quotes lines to Jamie: "Home is the sailor, home from the sea, / And the hunter home from the hill."
36 Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote (1605)
Claire asks Jamie if Cervantes has been born yet, and whether he is familiar with the term "quixotic".
46 Alexander Carmichael (editor) "An Cath Nach Tainig (The Battle to Come)"[6]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. I (1900)
Claire starts to say the blessing to Jamie before they hear English soldiers approaching the house, on the eve of the Battle of Culloden: "Jesus, Thou Son of Mary, I call on Thy name..."
49 Bible John 20:29[7]
Roger thinks of the verse after the harrowing experience of watching Gillian Edgars go through the cleft stone on Craigh na Dun: "Blessed are those who have not seen, and yet have believed."

Voyager

Chapter Source Reference
2 Eric Linklater The Prince in the Heather (1965)
Roger shows Claire the passage about a Fraser of the Master of Lovat's regiment who escaped slaughter out of a group of eighteen Jacobite officers.
8 Tobias Smollett The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748)
Jamie thinks about the stories he would tell the men in prison with him at Ardsmuir.
Henry Fielding The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749)
Jamie thinks about the stories he would tell the men in prison with him at Ardsmuir.
Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe (1719)
Jamie thinks about the stories he would tell the men in prison with him at Ardsmuir, of which Robinson Crusoe is their favorite.
10 Robinson Crusoe (1719)
Lord John asks Jamie if he is familiar with the novel.
11 Samuel Richardson Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded (1740)
Jamie and Lord John discuss the length of the novel.
12 Bible Acts 2[8]
Jamie thinks of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles, and its illustration in his mother's Bible.
14 Isaiah 14:12[9]
Lord John paraphrases the quotation to himself while looking at Jamie: "O Lucifer, thou son of the morning..."
27 Alexander Carmichael (editor) "Fois Anama (Soul Peace)"[10]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. I (1900)
Jamie tells Ian to say this prayer after taking a life.
"An Treoraich Anama (The Soul Leading)"[11]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. I (1900)
A shorter prayer for when time is short, as in battle.
29 Sir Walter Scott Marmion, Canto VI, XVII (1808)[12]
Claire quotes the lines to Jamie while they wait for Ian to finish going to confession: "Oh, what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive!"
32 Robert Frost "The Death of the Hired Man" (1914)[13]
Claire says the quote to Young Ian as reassurance as they approach Lallybroch: "Home is the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in."
Bible Parable of the Prodigal Son (Luke 15:11-32)[14]
Jamie mentions the passage as his own reassurance to Ian. Also used in the chapter title.
33 Tacitus Agricola (ca. 98)
Claire recalls the line as something that a contemporary of the Duke of Cumberland ascribed to the Duke's achievement in the aftermath of the Jacobite rising of 1745: "He created a desert and called it peace."[15]
William Shakespeare Hamlet, Act II, scene 2, lines 378-379 (ca. 1599)
Jamie refers to the line to assure Claire he knows the difference between naked women and food: "I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is / southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw."[16]
40 Robert Louis Stevenson "Dead Man's Chest" from Treasure Island (1883)
Claire quotes the fictional song as she and Jamie discuss the possible origins of the silkies' treasure: "Fifteen men on the dead man's chest— ...Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum!"
41 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow "The Building of a Ship" from The Seaside and the Fireside (1850)[17]
Claire quotes the lines when they set sail from Scotland to rescue Young Ian: "And see! She stirs! She starts—she moves—she seems to feel The thrill of life along her keel."
42 A. E. Housman "The rainy Pleiads wester" from More Poems (1936)[18]
Claire quotes the lines to Jamie while they look at the moon aboard the Artemis: "The rainy Pleiads wester / Orion plunges prone, / And midnight strikes and hastens / And I lie down alone."
"Because I liked you" from More Poems (1936)[19]
Claire thinks of another Housman poem while thinking of Jamie's gravestone in Scotland in the 20th century: "Halt by the headstone naming / The heart no longer stirred, / And say the lad that loved you / Was one that kept his word."
50 Samuel Taylor Coleridge The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798)
Claire thinks of the lines when she finds herself washed up on an island covered in mangroves, and inhabited by strange animals: "Water, water, every where, Nor any drop to drink."
52 Bible Song of Solomon 2:5-6[20]
Claire paraphrases the passage to Jamie, who is describing his plan for the next time they have sufficient space and time to be alone together: "My beloved's arm is under me, and his hand behind my head. Comfort me with apples, and stay me with flagons, for I am sick of love."
Lewis Carroll The Hunting of the Snark (1874)
As Fergus and Marsali complete their nuptials, Claire quotes the line to Jamie and kisses him: "What I tell you three times is true."
58 Edgar Allan Poe "The Masque of the Red Death"
Chapter title
A. E. Housman "Oh Who Is That Young Sinner" from Additional Poems[21]
Claire recites the poem to Jamie, who is adding the final touches to his disguise for the governor's ball.[22]
60 Alexander Carmichael (editor) "Am Beannachadh Bais (The Death Blessing)"[23]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. I (1900)
Geillis tells Jamie and Claire the story of her escape from Castle Leoch: "God, omit not this woman from thy covenant..."

Drums of Autumn

Chapter Source Reference
12 Bible Song of Solomon 7:4[24]
Phillip Wylie quotes the beginning of the line to Claire, who finishes it: "Thy neck is as a tower of ivory; thine eyes like the fishpools in Heshbon, by the gate of Bathrabbim: thy nose is as the tower of Lebanon which looketh toward Damascus."
19 Alexander Carmichael (editor) "Teisreadh Taighe (House Protecting)"[25]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. I (1900)
Jamie blesses the hearth: "God, bless the world and all that is therein..."
"An Saodachadh (The Driving)"[26]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. IV (1941)
Duncan performs a blessing to protect the livestock: "The safeguard of Fionn mac Cumhall be yours..."
43 William Butler Yeats "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" from The Countess Kathleen and Various Legends and Lyrics (1892)
Brianna recalls the poem to Jamie, that Frank would quote it when Claire was in her garden.[27]

The Fiery Cross

Chapter Source Reference
16 Alexander Carmichael (editor) (poem fragment)[28]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. II (1900)
Roger sings for Brianna on their wedding night: "On the night that our wedding is on us, I will come leaping to thee with gifts..."
18 "Beannachdan (Blessings)"[29]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. III (1940)
Jamie has a sudden memory of his mother, and says a brief prayer: "May God make safe to me each step..."
25 "Beannachadh Tàimh (Rest Benediction)"[30]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. III (1940)
Jamie and Claire pray in bed the night before leaving with the militia: "And bless, O bless to me the angeling of my rest."

A Breath of Snow and Ashes

Chapter Source Reference
2 Bible Job 19:7-29[31]
Roger recites the passage as he and the others preside over a funeral for the anonymous Dutch family: "Behold, I cry out of wrong, but I am not heard..."
19 Alexander Carmichael (editor) "Achan Ìosa (Prayer to Jesus)"[32]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. III (1940)
The folk of Fraser's Ridge finish the haymaking and Jamie says a prayer aloud for the group: "I say the prayer from my mouth, I say the prayer from my heart..."
35 Tobias Smollett The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle (1751)
Malva reads aloud from the book while Marsali is in labor.
Henry Fielding The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749)
Malva, Ian and Jamie discuss literature and friendship.
Ovid Tristia (I, ix, 5)[33]
Jamie quotes the poet during their discussion: "So long as you are secure you will count many friends; if your life becomes clouded you will be alone."
72 Reginald Heber "From Greenland’s icy mountains" (1819)[34]
Claire quotes the lines to Jamie, observing the beauty of River Run's environs in the wake of Jocasta's revelation about Phaedre's paternity: "Though every prospect pleases, / And only man is vile; ..."
89 William Shakespeare Julius Caesar, Act I, Scene 2, Line 195 (1599)[35]
Ian quotes the line to Jamie while they talk about Richard Brown: "He thinks too much: such men are dangerous."
116 Christopher Marlowe The Jew of Malta (1590)[36]
Brianna quotes the line to Lord John when they talk of Geneva Dunsany and her father: "But that was in another country,/ And besides, the wench is dead."

An Echo in the Bone

Chapter Source Reference
4 Clement Clarke Moore "A Visit from St. Nicholas" (also known as "The Night Before Christmas" and "'​Twas the Night Before Christmas") (1823)
Claire quotes the poem at the wake for Mrs. Bug and Grannie MacLeod: "The moon on the breast of the new fallen snow, / Gave the luster of mid-day to objects below..."
John Donne Devotions upon Emergent Occasions (1624)[37]
Jamie and Claire discuss Meditation XVII: "No man is an island, entire of itself..."
Bible Psalm 23
Claire sings the psalm in Gaelic at Mrs. Bug's funeral: "Is e Dia fèin a’s buachaill dhomh" (The Lord is my shepherd.)[38]
11 Alexander Carmichael (editor) "An Cath Nach Tainig (The Battle to Come)"[39]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. I (1900)
Jamie blesses Claire before she leaves to deliver Lizzie's second child.
"Bride Ban-Cobhair (Bride the Aid-Woman)"[40]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. I (1900)
Jamie prays for Lizzie and her unborn child.
Bible Job 5:7[41]
Jamie considers the meaning of the verse while walking to the Beardsleys' cabin: "Yet man is born to trouble, as the sparks fly upward."
12 William Butler Yeats "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" from The Countess Kathleen and Various Legends and Lyrics (1892)
Claire recalls the poem while taking her leave of Fraser's Ridge.[42]
18 Archie Bell & the Drells "Tighten Up" (1968)
Claire quotes a line from the song to Jamie: "We don't only sing but we dance / Just as good as we walk."
27 Lewis Carroll Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)
Brianna likens her harrowing journey through the tunnel to Alice falling down the White Rabbit's hole.
29 Samuel Johnson A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland (1775)[43]
Roger talks to Mr. Menzies about Jem's punishment for speaking the "barbarous Erse" at school.
30 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Tales of a Wayside Inn, Part III, The Theologian's Tale: Elizabeth, IV (1863)[44]
Chapter title: "Ships That Pass in the Night"
Rudyard Kipling "If—" (1895)
Claire thinks of the first lines of the poem while observing Jamie's ability to keep calm in dire circumstances: "If you can keep your head when all about you/ Are losing theirs and blaming it on you ..."
Felicia Dorothea Hemans "Casabianca" (1826)
Claire quotes the first lines of the poem while Jamie and John Smith consider their options as an unknown ship approaches the Pitt: "The boy stood on the burning deck/ Whence all but he had fled ..."
Oliver Goldsmith The Art of Poetry on a New Plan, vol. ii. p. 147 (1761)
Captain Asa Hickman uses the saying to convey the reasoning for his plan of action regarding Captain Stebbings and the Teal: "For he who fights and runs away/ May live to fight another day"[45][46]
Jerome Kern (music)
Ira Gershwin (lyrics)		 "Long Ago (and Far Away)" (1944)
Claire quotes the song title when she and Jamie recall Mr. Willoughby.
32 Prayer cycle in the Canonical Hours Office of the Dead, third Nocturn of Matins[47]
Lord John quotes the line to Harry Quarry to explain concisely his troubled thoughts: "Timor mortis conturbat me" ("The fear of death disturbs me").
34 Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. The Constitution of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, "Directory for Worship" (1901)[48]
Roger quotes the Constitution of the American Presbyterian Church.
Douglas Adams The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (1978)
Roger and Brianna use the name of the BBC radio show to refer to the guide to time travel that they start writing.
Mark M. Boatner III Encyclopedia of the American Revolution (1966)
Brianna notices a few new history books that Roger bought.
Joseph Plumb Martin A Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier[49]
Brianna notices a few new history books that Roger bought.
36 H. Ranger Harris's List of Covent Garden Ladies (1757-1795)
William thinks of his copy of the annual directory whilst journeying through the Great Dismal Swamp.
Aristophanes The Frogs (405 BC)
William quotes the frogs' refrain while wandering through the swamp: "Brek-ek-ek-ex, co-ax, co-ax. Brek-ek-ek-ex, co-ax!"
46 Alexander Carmichael (editor) "Eolas Chnamh Chir (The Cud Chewing Charm)"[50]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. II (1900)
Roger reads aloud from the Carmina Gadelica.
"Eolas A Mheirbhein (The Indigestion Spell)"[51]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. II (1900)
Roger reads aloud from the Carmina Gadelica.
"Duan an Daoil (Poem of the Beetle)"[52]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. II (1900)
Roger reads aloud from the Carmina Gadelica.
"An Eala Bhàn (The White Swan)"[53][54]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. IV (1941)
Roger reads aloud from the Carmina Gadelica.
47 Bible Song of Solomon 8:6[55]
The quotation comes to Roger as he feels jealousy hearing Rob Cameron sing: "Love is strong as death; jealousy is cruel as the grave: the coals thereof are coals of fire"
52 William Shakespeare Hamlet (ca. 1599)
Claire compares Mrs. Raven to Ophelia.
57 Bible Matthew 24:20[56]
Claire thinks of the verse while considering the refugees from Fort Ticonderoga: "But pray ye that your flight be not in the winter, neither on the sabbath day"
58 William Shakespeare Macbeth, Act IV, Scene i, Line 79 (1606)[57]
Percy Wainwright uses the line to describe the difference between Lord John and the Baron Amandine, ascribing the quote to the former: "Bloody, bold, and resolute"
59 Bible Matthew 27:51[58]
The sentiment of the line comes to William when a letter arrives for General Burgoyne from General Howe: "And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent ..."
61 Laurence Sterne The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, Vol. I (1759)
Jamie finds a copy of the first volume, abandoned, and brings it to give to Claire. Jamie reads aloud a sentence from Chapter 3.XVI: "So that the life of a writer, whatever he might fancy to the contrary, was not so much a state of composition, as a state of warfare; and his probation in it, precisely that of any other man militant upon earth,—both depending alike, not half so much upon the degrees of his wit—as his Resistance."[59]
62 Bible Genesis 18:24[60]
Jamie quotes the passage to Claire to explain how he feels about the loss of his finger: "Wilt thou not destroy the city, for the sake of fifty just men?"
64 Robert Browning "Andrea del Sarto" from Men and Women (1855)[61]
In response to Major General Arnold's question about the philosophy of endeavor, Jamie quotes the lines, which he had heard from Claire: "Ah, but a man's reach should exceed his grasp, / Or what's a heaven for?"
Sir Walter Scott Tales of a grandfather: being stories taken from Scottish history,
Volume 1 (1828)[62]
Claire references the legend about Robert the Bruce and the spider to illustrate how even some small thing can have a huge influence.
74 T. S. Eliot "Whispers of Immortality" from Poems (1919)[63]
Claire quotes the lines to Andy Bell as they see about fixing the leakage of Brigadier General Simon Fraser's coffin: "And saw the skull beneath the skin; / And breastless creatures under ground / Leaned backward with a lipless grin."
Lewis Carroll Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)[64]
Claire thinks of the line as she struggles to begin writing her book: "Begin at the beginning, and go on till you come to the end: then stop."
75 Bible Job 7:10[65]
Claire thinks of the line during Brigadier General Simon Fraser's burial: "And his place will know him no more."
76 Psalm 22:17[66]
Claire thinks of the line when she sees how the elder Ian's illness has ravaged his body: "I can count all my bones . . ."

Written in My Own Heart's Blood

Chapter Source Reference
10 Bible John 20:29[7]
Jamie thinks of the line while sitting with George Washington and his men, pondering the odd feeling of meeting someone Claire had already told him about: "Blessed are those who have not seen but have believed."
33 Samuel Beckett The Unnamable (1954)
Roger feels calmer after a night's sleep at Lallybroch, and thinks of the line while considering what lay before him: "I can't go on, I'll go on."
40 Bible Hebrews 13:2
Buck quotes the passage in Gaelic to Dougal: "Do not forget to entertain strangers, for thereby some have entertained angels unawares."[67][68]
John 20:29[7]
Roger thinks of the line after meeting Dougal MacKenzie: "Blessed are those who have not seen but have believed."
48 William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet (1597)
Ian remarks that love is not usually a fatal condition, and Denny agrees, though cites the feuding Montague and Capulet families as an exception.
128 Alexander Carmichael (editor) "Beannachadh Seilg (Hunting Blessing)"[69]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. I (1900)
Jamie says a verse from the blessing for Germain while he and the other men are fishing and gigging frogs: "Thou shalt not eat fallen fish nor fallen flesh, / Nor one bird that thy hand shall not bring down, / Be thou thankful for the one, / Though nine should be swimming."
134 Alexander Carmichael (editor) "An Tuiream Bàis (The Death Dirge)"[70]
from the Carmina Gadelica, vol. III (1940)
Jamie says the prayer in English at Jane's funeral, for the benefit of the non-Gaelic speakers.

Lord John Grey series

"Lord John and the Hellfire Club"

Chapter Source Reference
3 Francis Bacon Essays (1612/1625)
Lord John begins the quote, and George Everett finishes it: "The desire of power in excess caused the angels to fall; the desire of knowledge in excess caused man to fall."[71]

Lord John and the Private Matter

Chapter Source Reference
1 William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet, Act III, scene 1, lines 96-97 (1597)
Lord John Grey, having seen what he thinks is a syphilitic sore on Joseph Trevelyan's prick, thinks of the lines to himself, paraphrased: "Not so deep as a well, nor so wide as a door.... But it will suffice."[72]
6 Christopher Marlowe The Jew of Malta (1590)[36]
Lord John, while laying beside the whore, Nessie, recalls Jamie Fraser's wife, who had similarly curly hair: "But that was in another country,/ And besides, the wench is dead."
11 Edmund Burke A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757)
Benedicta Grey is reading "Edmund's latest" when Lord John asks her about the wine she served at her German party the week before.
John Cleland Fanny Hill (1748)
Benedicta offers the novel as an alternative choice for Lord John. In the following chapter, John finds himself still carrying the copy of Fanny Hill when he meets with Harry Quarry, who is amused by an inscription, addressed to Benedicta, on the title page.

"Lord John and the Succubus"

Chapter Source Reference
Epilogue Bible Job 39:19-25[73]
Lord John quotes the passage to himself before the battle to come: "Hast thou given the horse strength? hast thou clothed his neck with thunder? ... He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength: he goeth on to meet the armed men. He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted; neither turneth he back from the sword. ... He saith among the trumpets, Ha, ha; and he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting."

Lord John and the Brotherhood of the Blade

Chapter Source Reference
1 Henry Fielding The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749)
Lord John thinks about stepfathers as depicted in fiction, and puts the question to Hal whether their new stepfather will be like Squire Allworthy of Fielding's novel.
William Shakespeare Hamlet (ca. 1599)
Lord John suggests the character of Claudius as another possibility on the question of stepfathers.
Bible New Testament
Lord John remembers Saint Joseph as another famous stepfather of literature.
8 Church of England Book of Common Prayer (1662)
Lord John attends Geneva Dunsany's funeral and thinks of passages from the Book of Common Prayer.[74]
Bible / Henry Purcell Psalm 130: 1-7[75]
Lord John hears the lines of the hymn during Geneva's funeral service: "Out of the deep have I called unto Thee, O Lord: Lord, hear my voice"[76]
Episcopal Church Book of Common Prayer (1979)
Lord John hears the lines during Geneva's funeral service: "Give courage and faith to those who are bereaved, that they may have strength to meet the days ahead in the comfort of a reasonable and holy hope, in the joyful expectation of eternal life with those they love."[77]
12 Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus Epitoma Rei Militaris (c. 385-450)
Lord John peruses Melton's library in search of suitable volumes for Percy's military edification, and quotes a line to himself: "Few men are born brave; many become so through care and force of discipline."
Éléazar de Mauvillon Histoire de la Dernière Guerre de Bohème (1756)[78]
Lord John selects the first volume for Percy to read.
Virgil Aeneid (c. 29–19 BC)
Lord John selects the volume for Percy to read.

References

  1. ↑ Burns supper – The Selkirk Grace via Wikipedia. Accessed 15 April 2015.
  2. ↑ "Carmina Gadelica, vol. II: Notes", page 231, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 16 April 2015.
  3. ↑ Out of Catullus by Richard Cranshaw. Accessed 14 April 2015
  4. ↑ Genesis 3:19, King James Version. Accessed 15 April 2015.
  5. ↑ Requiem by Robert Louis Stevenson
  6. ↑ "An Cath Nach Tainig (The Battle to Come)": Invocations. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 15 April 2015.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 John 20:29, King James Version. Accessed 27 May 2015.
  8. ↑ Acts 2, King James Version. Accessed 13 August 2015.
  9. ↑ Isaiah 14:12, King James Version. Accessed 22 April 2015.
  10. ↑ "Fois Anama (Soul Peace)": Invocations. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 14 April 2015.
  11. ↑ "An Treoraich Anama (The Soul Leading)": Invocations. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 14 April 2015.
  12. ↑ Marmion – Canto the Sixth. Accessed 2 June 2015.
  13. ↑ The Death of the Hired Man. Accessed 22 April 2015.
  14. ↑ The Parable of the Lost Son, King James Version. Accessed 22 April 2015.
  15. ↑ Tacitus via Wikiquote. Accessed 28 May 2015.
  16. ↑ Act II, scene 2, lines 378-379 – accessed 28 May 2015.
  17. ↑ The Seaside and the Fireside via Wikisource. Accessed 28 May 2015.
  18. ↑ More Poems – Accessed 28 May 2015.
  19. ↑ More Poems – Accessed 28 May 2015.
  20. ↑ Song of Solomon 2:5-6, King James Version. Accessed 7 June 2015.
  21. ↑ Additional Poems – Accessed 7 June 2015.
  22. ↑ Oh who is that young sinner with the handcuffs on his wrists?
    And what has he been after that they groan and shake their fists?
    And wherefore is he wearing such a conscience-stricken air?
    Oh they're taking him to prison for the colour of his hair.

    'Tis a shame to human nature, such a head of hair as his;
    In the good old time 'twas hanging for the colour that it is;
    Though hanging isn't bad enough and flaying would be fair
    For the nameless and abominable colour of his hair.
    — from Additional Poems
  23. ↑ "Am Beannachadh Bais (The Death Blessing)": Invocations. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 15 April 2015.
  24. ↑ Song of Solomon 7:4, King James Version. Accessed 21 August 2015.
  25. ↑ "Teisreadh Taighe (House Protecting)": Invocations. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 14 April 2015.
  26. ↑ "An Saodachadh (The Driving)". Accessed 15 April 2015.
  27. ↑ "I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
    And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made;
    Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee,
    And live alone in the bee loud glade." — via Wikipedia
  28. ↑ "Carmina Gadelica, vol. II: Notes", page 231, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 16 April 2015.
  29. ↑ "Beannachdan (Blessings)". Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 14 April 2015.
  30. ↑ "Beannachadh Tàimh (Rest Benediction)": Night Shielding. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 14 April 2015.
  31. ↑ Job 19:7-29, King James Version. Accessed 29 June 2015.
  32. ↑ "Achan Ìosa (Prayer to Jesus)": Prayers for Protection. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 25 March 2015.
  33. ↑ Tristia, I, ix, 5, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 14 April 2015
  34. ↑ From Greenland’s icy mountains – Accessed 15 August 2015.
  35. ↑ Julius Caesar, Act I, Scene 2, Line 195. Accessed 15 April 2015.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 The Jew of Malta – full text. Accessed 22 April 2015.
  37. ↑ Meditation #17 By John Donne From Devotions upon Emergent Occasions (1623), XVII. Accessed 15 April 2015.
  38. ↑ "Is e Dia fèin a’s buachaill dhomh" (Psalm 23). Accessed 19 April 2015
  39. ↑ "An Cath Nach Tainig (The Battle to Come)": Invocations. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 15 April 2015.
  40. ↑ "Bride Ban-Cobhair (Bride the Aid-Woman)": Seasons. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 29 April 2015.
  41. ↑ Job 5:7 – Accessed 29 April 2015.
  42. ↑ "I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
    And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made;
    Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee,
    And live alone in the bee loud glade.
    And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow, [...]" — via Wikipedia
  43. ↑ A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland, by Samuel Johnson: "Of the Earse language, as I understand nothing, I cannot say more than I have been told. It is the rude speech of a barbarous people, who had few thoughts to express, and were content, as they conceived grossly, to be grossly understood." Accessed 6 May 2015.
  44. ↑ Tales of a Wayside Inn, Part III, The Theologian's Tale: Elizabeth, IV. Accessed 15 April 2015.
  45. ↑ Oliver Goldsmith via Wikiquote
  46. ↑ The Art of Poetry on a New Plan – page 147 of full text. Accessed 6 May 2015.
  47. ↑ A Hypertext Book of Hours – prepared by Glenn Gunhouse. Accessed 6 May 2015.
  48. ↑ The Constitution of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America – accessed 12 May 2015.
  49. ↑ Though the original text was published in 1830, this title was used for the 2001 edition of the narrative. Roger would likely have ordered a copy called Private Yankee Doodle, or some other edition published by 1980.
  50. ↑ "Eolas Chnamh Chir (The Cud Chewing Charm)", page 140, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 11 May 2015.
  51. ↑ "Eolas A Mheirbhein (The Indigestion Spell)", page 138, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 11 May 2015.
  52. ↑ "Duan an Daoil (Poem of the Beetle)", page 192, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 11 May 2015.
  53. ↑ "An Eala Bhàn (The White Swan)": Glòir nan Eun (The Speech of Birds). Accessed 11 May 2015.
  54. ↑ Carmina Gadelica – metadata. Accessed 11 May 2015.
  55. ↑ Song of Solomon 8:6, King James Version. Accessed 11 May 2015.
  56. ↑ Matthew 24:20, King James Version. Accessed 12 May 2015.
  57. ↑ Macbeth: Act 4, Scene 1 – accessed 12 May 2015.
  58. ↑ Matthew 27:51, King James Version. Accessed 12 May 2015.
  59. ↑ THE LIFE AND OPINIONS OF TRISTRAM SHANDY, GENTLEMAN By Laurence Sterne, via Project Gutenberg.
  60. ↑ Genesis 18:24, King James Version. Accessed 12 May 2015.
  61. ↑ Andrea del Sarto by Robert Browning. Accessed 12 May 2015.
  62. ↑ Tales of a grandfather: being stories taken from Scottish history, Volume 1 by Sir Walter Scott, via Google Books. Accessed 12 May 2015.
  63. ↑ "Whispers of Immortality" by T. S. Eliot. Accessed 22 May 2015.
  64. ↑ "Chapter 12: Alice's Evidence" from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. Accessed 22 May 2015.
  65. ↑ Job 7:10, King James Version. Accessed 22 May 2015.
  66. ↑ Psalm 22:17, King James Version. Accessed 22 May 2015.
  67. ↑ Hebrews 13:2, King James Version. Accessed 19 April 2015.
  68. ↑ Tiomnadh Nuadh ar Tighearna agus ar Slanuigh-Fhir Iosa Criosd – Litir an Abstoil Phoil chum nan Eabhruidheach (Hebrews 13:2 in Scottish Gaelic): "Na dearmadaibh aoidheachd a thoirt do choigrich; oir leis a so thug dream àraidh aoidheachd do ainglibh gun fhios doibh."
  69. ↑ "Beannachadh Seilg (Hunting Blessing)": Labour. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 29 June 2015.
  70. ↑ "An Tuiream Bàis (The Death Dirge)": Death. Carmina Gadelica, via The Internet Archive. Accessed 27 May 2015.
  71. ↑ XIII. Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature. Essays, Civil and Moral. Accessed 14 August 2015.
  72. ↑ Act III, scene 1, lines 96-97 – accessed 14 August 2015. Actual lines from the play: No, 'tis not so deep as a well, nor so wide as a church door; but 'tis enough,'twill serve.
  73. ↑ Job 39:19-25, King James Version. Accessed 21 August 2015.
  74. ↑ Book of Common Prayer (1662) – accessed 28 August 2015.
    Passages included in Brotherhood:
    "not to be used for any who die excommunicate, or who have laid violent hands upon themselves."
    "I AM the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die."
  75. ↑ Psalm 130: 1-7, King James Version. Accessed 28 August 2015.
  76. ↑ Out of the deep have I called unto Thee, O Lord – accessed 28 August 2015.
  77. ↑ The Burial of the Dead Rite One – accessed 28 August 2015.
  78. ↑ Histoire de la Dernière Guerre de Bohème via Google Books – accessed 28 August 2015.
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